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Question #41659

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

Let f(x)=sin⁡−1(sin⁡x)+cos⁡−1(cos⁡x)f(x) = \sin^{-1}(\sin x) + \cos^{-1}(\cos x). Let CC be the curve y=f(x)y = f(x) in the xyxy-plane. Let v⃗1\vec{v}_1 be the limiting unit tangent vector to CC as x→0+x \to 0^+, such that v⃗1⋅i^>0\vec{v}_1 \cdot \hat{i} > 0. Let v⃗2\vec{v}_2 be the limiting unit normal vector to CC as x→0−x \to 0^-, such that v⃗2⋅j^>0\vec{v}_2 \cdot \hat{j} > 0. Let P1P_1 be the plane passing through the origin with normal vector n⃗1=v⃗1×k^\vec{n}_1 = \vec{v}_1 \times \hat{k}, and P2P_2 be the plane passing through the origin with normal vector n⃗2=v⃗2×(i^+k^)\vec{n}_2 = \vec{v}_2 \times (\hat{i} + \hat{k}). If θ\theta is the acute angle between the planes P1P_1 and P2P_2, then the value of cos⁡θ\cos \theta is:

Options

  • A.

    25\sqrt{\frac{2}{5}}

  • B.

    00

  • C.

    15\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}

  • D.

    25\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}

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Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Bridge

Practice problems that bridge the gap between foundational theory and advanced practical application.

Concepts Behind This Question

Angle between two planes|Tangent/Normal Slope Interplay|Non-Differentiable Extrema

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

The question tests the student's ability to handle non-differentiable extrema (a corner) when defining geometric properties like tangents and normals.

The trap lies in mechanically differentiating f(x)=sin⁡−1(sin⁡x)+cos⁡−1(cos⁡x)f(x) = \sin^{-1}(\sin x) + \cos^{-1}(\cos x) without considering its piecewise nature, leading to the false assumption that the left and right derivatives are equal (either both 2 or both 0).

If a student assumes f′(0−)=2f'(0^-) = 2, they calculate an incorrect normal vector v⃗2=15(−2i^+j^)\vec{v}_2 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}(-2\hat{i} + \hat{j}), which results in the planes being orthogonal (cos⁡θ=0\cos \theta = 0).

This penalizes formula-worship and rewards rigorous limit-based analysis of piecewise functions.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectMathematics
ChapterThree-Dimensional Geometry - Class 12
ConceptAngle between two planes
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree