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Question #42680

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

In a Young's Double Slit Experiment (YDSE), the maximum intensity on the screen is ImI_m. A parallel plate capacitor of length LL and plate separation dd is placed immediately behind one of the slits. The space between the plates is filled with an electro-optic crystal. Light of wavelength λ\lambda passes through the crystal parallel to the capacitor plates. The other slit has no medium in front of it. The refractive index of the crystal responds to the electric field EE between the plates as n(E)=n0+αEn(E) = n_0 + \alpha E, where n0n_0 and α\alpha are constants with appropriate SI units.

An alternating voltage V(t)=V0sin⁡(ωt)V(t) = V_0 \sin(\omega t) is applied across the capacitor. Assume the low-frequency capacitance remains constant, and the frequency ω\omega is much higher than the response rate of the intensity detector. The static phase difference introduced by the crystal (when V=0V=0) at the central point OO on the screen (where the geometric path difference is zero) is ϕ0=π3\phi_0 = \frac{\pi}{3}.

Given the integral identities 12π∫02πcos⁡(zsin⁡θ)dθ=J0(z)\frac{1}{2\pi} \int_0^{2\pi} \cos(z \sin \theta) d\theta = J_0(z) and 12π∫02πsin⁡(zsin⁡θ)dθ=0\frac{1}{2\pi} \int_0^{2\pi} \sin(z \sin \theta) d\theta = 0, what is the time-averaged intensity ⟨I⟩\langle I \rangle detected at point OO?

(Define β=2παV0Lλd\beta = \frac{2\pi \alpha V_0 L}{\lambda d})

Options

  • A.

    Im4[2+J0(β)]\frac{I_m}{4} \left[ 2 + J_0(\beta) \right]

  • B.

    34Im\frac{3}{4} I_m

  • C.

    Im2[1+J0(β2)]\frac{I_m}{2} \left[ 1 + J_0\left(\frac{\beta}{2}\right) \right]

  • D.

    Im4[1+2J0(β)]\frac{I_m}{4} \left[ 1 + 2 J_0(\beta) \right]

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Intuition_Breaker

Train your brain to resist "obvious" answers that are designed to deceive your intuition.

Concepts Behind This Question

Capacitance Independence|Intensity Distribution in YDSE|Phase Difference vs. Path Difference

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the student's ability to distinguish between the function of an average and the average of a function in the context of non-linear optical detection.

The primary trap lies in the time-averaging process of the intensity.

Students commonly calculate the time-averaged phase shift ⟨Δϕ⟩=ϕ0\langle \Delta \phi \rangle = \phi_0 and incorrectly substitute it into the static intensity formula to get ⟨I⟩=Imcos⁡2(⟨Δϕ⟩/2)=34Im\langle I \rangle = I_m \cos^2(\langle \Delta \phi \rangle / 2) = \frac{3}{4} I_m.

This violates the ergodic principles of the system because the intensity depends non-linearly (via the cosine squared function) on the modulated phase.

The correct physical approach requires time-averaging the instantaneous intensity I(t)I(t) itself, which introduces the Bessel function J0(β)J_0(\beta) as a correction factor for the high-frequency phase jitter.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectPhysics
ChapterElectrostatic Potential and Capacitance - Class 12
ConceptCapacitance Independence
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree