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Question #42877

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

A uniform plane wave of initial intensity I0=2500 W m−2I_0 = 2500 \text{ W m}^{-2} propagates in the +x+x direction through a viscous fluid. The power dissipated per unit volume by the wave, p(x)=−dIdxp(x) = -\frac{dI}{dx}, locally heats the fluid. In steady state, the local temperature rise above the ambient is given by ΔT(x)=p(x)h\Delta T(x) = \frac{p(x)}{h}, where h=50 W m−3 K−1h = 50 \text{ W m}^{-3} \text{ K}^{-1} is the volumetric cooling coefficient. The attenuation coefficient of the fluid increases with temperature as α(x)=α0+γΔT(x)\alpha(x) = \alpha_0 + \gamma \Delta T(x), where α0=0.1 m−1\alpha_0 = 0.1 \text{ m}^{-1} and γ=0.01 m−1 K−1\gamma = 0.01 \text{ m}^{-1} \text{ K}^{-1}. What is the ratio of the power dissipated per unit volume at x=0x=0 to the power dissipated per unit volume at a distance x=Lx=L where the wave intensity has decreased to IL=1000 W m−2I_L = 1000 \text{ W m}^{-2}?

Options

  • A.

    2.02.0

  • B.

    2.52.5

  • C.

    4.04.0

  • D.

    5.05.0

Check Your Answer

Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Intuition_Breaker

Train your brain to resist "obvious" answers that are designed to deceive your intuition.

Concepts Behind This Question

Wave Intensity and Medium|Power Dissipation Ratio

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

Students commonly assume that wave intensity follows a simple exponential decay I(x)=I0e−αxI(x) = I_0 e^{-\alpha x} with a constant attenuation coefficient, leading to the incorrect assumption that power dissipation is strictly proportional to intensity (p∝Ip \propto I).

This path introduces a non-linear feedback loop where the wave's energy dissipation heats the medium, increasing the attenuation coefficient dynamically.

By failing to couple the local intensity to the attenuation coefficient via the steady-state thermodynamic balance, students will incorrectly calculate the ratio as I0/IL=2.5I_0/I_L = 2.5, ignoring the denominator (1−γI/h)(1 - \gamma I / h) that arises from the feedback mechanism.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectPhysics
ChapterWaves - Class 11 Part 2
ConceptWave Intensity and Medium
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree