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Question #43136

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

An isosceles glass prism has an apex angle A=60∘A = 60^\circ (the angle between its two equal sides) at an initial temperature T0T_0. The base of the prism has a linear thermal expansion coefficient α1=83×10−6 K−1\alpha_1 = 8\sqrt{3} \times 10^{-6} \text{ K}^{-1}, while its two equal sides have a linear thermal expansion coefficient α2=33×10−6 K−1\alpha_2 = 3\sqrt{3} \times 10^{-6} \text{ K}^{-1}. At T0T_0, the refractive index of the glass is n=3n = \sqrt{3} and its thermo-optic coefficient is dndT=−3×10−5 K−1\frac{dn}{dT} = -3 \times 10^{-5} \text{ K}^{-1}. The prism has a mass m=100 gm = 100 \text{ g} and a specific heat capacity c=400 J kg−1K−1c = 400 \text{ J kg}^{-1} \text{K}^{-1}. A laser beam of power P=20 WP = 20 \text{ W} is completely absorbed by the prism for a duration Δt=100 s\Delta t = 100 \text{ s}. Assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings and the temperature of the prism remains uniform, what is the magnitude of the change in the angle of minimum deviation, ∣Δδm∣|\Delta \delta_m|?

Options

  • A.

    1.0 mrad1.0 \text{ mrad}

  • B.

    2.0 mrad2.0 \text{ mrad}

  • C.

    3.0 mrad3.0 \text{ mrad}

  • D.

    4.0 mrad4.0 \text{ mrad}

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Variable_Constraint

Develop pure symbolic logic skills by mastering algebraic constraints without relying on numerical data.

Concepts Behind This Question

Prism Minimum Deviation|Expansion of Cavities in Solids|Small Angle Approximation

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the dual-dependency of the minimum deviation angle on both the thermo-optic effect (dn/dT) and the anisotropic thermal expansion of the prism (dA/dT).

A common trap is assuming that thermal expansion does not alter the angles of a solid, which is only true for isotropic materials.

Students who incorrectly assume dA/dT = 0 will only calculate the refractive index shift, leading to an erroneous deviation change of 3.0 mrad.

Conversely, ignoring the thermo-optic effect yields 1.0 mrad.

The problem demands rigorous logarithmic differentiation of both the geometric constraints and Snell's Law to correctly superimpose the two competing thermal effects.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectPhysics
ChapterRay Optics and Optical Instruments - Class 12
ConceptPrism Minimum Deviation
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree