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Question #43353

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

A semiconductor wire of length LL is placed along the xx-axis from x=0x=0 to x=Lx=L. The wire is maintained at a constant temperature TT. Due to a specific doping profile, the free electron concentration in the wire varies as n(x)=n0e−αx2n(x) = n_0 e^{-\alpha x^2}, where n0n_0 and α\alpha are positive constants. No external voltage source is connected across the wire.

A student uses this wire to find the null point for an ideal cell of electromotive force ε\varepsilon. The positive terminal of the cell is connected to the end x=0x=0, and the negative terminal is connected to a jockey that can slide along the wire. Assuming the Einstein relation D=kTeμD = \frac{kT}{e}\mu holds (where DD is the diffusion coefficient, μ\mu is the mobility, kk is the Boltzmann constant, and ee is the elementary charge), at what distance ll from the end x=0x=0 will a galvanometer connected in series with the cell show zero deflection?

Options

  • A.

    eεαkT\sqrt{\frac{e \varepsilon}{\alpha kT}}

  • B.

    1αeεkT\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha}} \frac{e \varepsilon}{kT}

  • C.

    1αln⁡(1+eεkT)\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha}} \ln\left(1 + \frac{e \varepsilon}{kT}\right)

  • D.

    kTαeε\sqrt{\frac{kT}{\alpha e \varepsilon}}

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Variable_Constraint

Develop pure symbolic logic skills by mastering algebraic constraints without relying on numerical data.

Concepts Behind This Question

Potentiometer Null Point|Drift vs Diffusion Current|Calculus

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the fundamental origin of potential gradients in semiconductors, contrasting it with standard metallic potentiometer wires.

Students are conditioned to assume a uniform potential gradient (V∝lV \propto l) driven by an external battery.

Here, the potential gradient is entirely intrinsic, arising from the energy conservation of carriers balancing drift and diffusion currents.

By assuming a linear potential drop or ignoring the spatial dependence of the diffusion-induced electric field (E(x)∝xE(x) \propto x), students will fail to integrate the field correctly, leading to incorrect linear or logarithmic dependencies.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectPhysics
ChapterCurrent Electricity - Class 12
ConceptPotentiometer Null Point
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree