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Question #44102

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

An aqueous solution is prepared at 273 K273\text{ K} by mixing 50 mL50\text{ mL} of 2.0×10−3 M \ceBaCl22.0 \times 10^{-3}\text{ M } \ce{BaCl2} and 50 mL50\text{ mL} of 2.0×10−3 M \ceNa2SO42.0 \times 10^{-3}\text{ M } \ce{Na2SO4} in a perfectly clean, dust-free container. For \ceBaSO4\ce{BaSO4}, Ksp=1.0×10−10K_{sp} = 1.0 \times 10^{-10} at 273 K273\text{ K}. The homogeneous nucleation rate JJ (nuclei m−3 s−1\text{m}^{-3}\text{ s}^{-1}) is given by J=Ae−ΔG∗RTJ = A e^{-\frac{\Delta G^*}{RT}}, where the pre-exponential factor A=1030 m−3 s−1A = 10^{30}\text{ m}^{-3}\text{ s}^{-1} and the critical free energy of nucleation ΔG∗=156.6 kJ mol−1\Delta G^* = 156.6\text{ kJ mol}^{-1}.

Given R=8.314 J K−1 mol−1R = 8.314\text{ J K}^{-1}\text{ mol}^{-1} and e−69≈10−30e^{-69} \approx 10^{-30}, what is the concentration of \ceBa(aq)2+\ce{Ba^{2+}_{(aq)}} remaining in the solution after 1 minute1\text{ minute}?

Options

  • A.

    1.0×10−5 M1.0 \times 10^{-5}\text{ M}

  • B.

    1.0×10−3 M1.0 \times 10^{-3}\text{ M}

  • C.

    5.0×10−4 M5.0 \times 10^{-4}\text{ M}

  • D.

    2.0×10−3 M2.0 \times 10^{-3}\text{ M}

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Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Mechanism_Trap

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Concepts Behind This Question

Solubility Product (Ksp) vs. Ionic Product (Qsp)|Activation Energy Trap

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the critical distinction between thermodynamic spontaneity (Qsp>KspQ_{sp} > K_{sp}) and kinetic feasibility (nucleation kinetics).

Students typically assume that precipitation is instantaneous once QspQ_{sp} exceeds KspK_{sp}.

However, the formation of a solid phase requires overcoming a high activation energy barrier (ΔG∗\Delta G^*) for homogeneous nucleation.

By calculating the actual number of nuclei formed, the student must recognize that the solution is trapped in a metastable supersaturated state (Ostwald's Rule of Stages), meaning no precipitate forms within the experimental timeframe.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectChemistry
ChapterEquilibrium - Class 11 Part 1
ConceptSolubility Product (Ksp) vs. Ionic Product (Qsp)
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree