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Question #44153

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The Question

In a standard planar amide, resonance between the nitrogen lone pair and the carbonyl group results in a \ce{C-N} fractional π\pi-bond order of 0.400.40 and a \ce{C=O} stretching frequency of 1650 cm−11650 \text{ cm}^{-1}. In a completely orthogonal (unresonated) system where the dihedral angle θ=90∘\theta = 90^\circ, the \ce{C-N} π\pi-bond order is 00 and the \ce{C=O} stretching frequency is 1730 cm−11730 \text{ cm}^{-1}.

In a highly sterically hindered \ce{N-tert-butyl-N-methylacetamide} derivative at 298 K298 \text{ K}, steric strain forces the amide plane to twist, resulting in a dihedral angle θ=60∘\theta = 60^\circ.

Assuming that the \ce{C-N} π\pi-bond order is directly proportional to the square of the orbital overlap integral (which is proportional to cos⁡θ\cos \theta), and that the \ce{C=O} stretching frequency varies linearly with the \ce{C=O} π\pi-bond order (where \ceC-N π-bond order+\ceC=O π-bond order=1.0\text{\ce{C-N} } \pi\text{-bond order} + \text{\ce{C=O} } \pi\text{-bond order} = 1.0), what is the expected \ce{C-N} total bond order and the \ce{C=O} stretching frequency in this sterically hindered amide?

Options

  • A.

    1.101.10 and 1710 cm−11710 \text{ cm}^{-1}

  • B.

    1.201.20 and 1690 cm−11690 \text{ cm}^{-1}

  • C.

    1.301.30 and 1670 cm−11670 \text{ cm}^{-1}

  • D.

    1.251.25 and 1680 cm−11680 \text{ cm}^{-1}

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Mechanism_Trap

Don't get tricked by the process! Learn the mechanical traps used in competitive exam questions.

Concepts Behind This Question

Bond Order in Resonance Hybrids|Peptide Bond Planarity

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the concept of Steric Inhibition of Resonance in amides.

Students often memorize the peptide bond order as a fixed value (~1.33-1.5) and assume planarity.

By introducing bulky substituents, steric hindrance forces the dihedral angle out of planarity, drastically reducing the p-orbital overlap.

The trap lies in failing to recognize that π\pi-bond character scales with cos⁡2θ\cos^2 \theta (not cos⁡θ\cos \theta) and correctly linking the diminished \ce{C-N} resonance to the corresponding increase in \ce{C=O} bond order and its stretching frequency.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectChemistry
ChapterChemical Bonding and Molecular Structure - Class 11 Part 1
ConceptBond Order in Resonance Hybrids
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree