Question #44736

Consider the thermodynamic factors governing the standard electrode potentials ($E^\circ_{M^{2+}/M}$) of the 3d transition metal series at 298 K. Evaluate the following statements:

I. The general trend towards less negative $E^\circ_{M^{2+}/M}$ values across the 3d series is primarily governed by the steady increase in the sum of the first and second ionization enthalpies ($\Delta_{i}H_1 + \Delta_{i}H_2$). II. Copper exhibits a positive $E^\circ_{M^{2+}/M}$ value ($+0.34\text{ V}$) because the energy required for its atomization and ionization is not adequately compensated by the hydration enthalpy of the \ce{Cu^{2+}_{(aq)}} ion. III. The $E^\circ_{M^{2+}/M}$ value of Nickel is less negative than expected from the general trend due to its exceptionally high enthalpy of atomization ($\Delta_{sub}H$). IV. The anomalously high negative $E^\circ_{M^{2+}/M}$ values for Manganese and Zinc are primarily attributed to their exceptionally high negative hydration enthalpies ($\Delta_{hyd}H$).

Which of the following combinations identifies the CORRECT statements?