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Question #45010

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

Consider the standard reduction potentials for Neptunium (\ce{Np}) species in aqueous acidic medium (pH=0pH = 0) at 298 K298\ \text{K}: \begin{align*} \ce{Np^{4+}{(aq)} + e^-} &\rightleftharpoons \ce{Np^{3+}{(aq)}} \quad &E^\circ = +0.14\ \text{V} \ \ce{NpO2^{+}{(aq)} + 4H^+{(aq)} + e^-} &\rightleftharpoons \ce{Np^{4+}{(aq)} + 2H2O{(l)}} \quad &E^\circ = +0.74\ \text{V} \ \ce{NpO2^{2+}{(aq)} + e^-} &\rightleftharpoons \ce{NpO2^{+}{(aq)}} \quad &E^\circ = +1.13\ \text{V} \end{align*} Three distinct redox reactions involving pairs of these Neptunium species as reactants can occur. Among them, identify the reaction that is both thermodynamically spontaneous and kinetically the fastest (characterized by the lowest activation energy barrier due to the preservation of the actinyl core and hydration spheres). What is the standard cell potential (Ecell∘E^\circ_{\text{cell}}) of this specific reaction?

Options

  • A.

    +0.99 V

  • B.

    +0.60 V

  • C.

    +0.39 V

  • D.

    +0.94 V

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Exception_Exposure

Learn to identify edge cases and boundary exceptions that JEE examiners hide in math problems.

Concepts Behind This Question

Comproportionation Reversibility|Actinoid Oxidation State Variety|Electrode Potential Sign Conventions

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

The question tests the 'Kinetic Bottleneck' in actinoid redox chemistry.

Students often assume that thermodynamic spontaneity (ΔG∘<0\Delta G^\circ < 0) guarantees a feasible reaction pathway.

However, the hidden variable is the kinetic barrier imposed by the 5f-orbital participation in the strong covalent actinyl (\ceO=An=O\ce{O=An=O}) bonds.

Reactions that make or break these bonds are kinetically slow, whereas simple electron transfers that preserve the coordination geometry are fast.

The trap is failing to distinguish between thermodynamic driving force and kinetic accessibility based on molecular architecture.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectChemistry
ChapterRedox Reactions - Class 11 Part 2
ConceptComproportionation Reversibility
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree