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Question #45374

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

During an In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) procedure, a batch of unfertilized human oocytes is accidentally exposed to a calcium ionophore (a chemical that artificially increases intracellular Ca2+Ca^{2+} levels) prior to the introduction of capacitated sperm. Which of the following will be the most likely consequence of this exposure?

Options

  • A.

    Sperm-zona binding will fail due to the premature exocytosis of cortical granules and subsequent inactivation of ZP3 receptors.

  • B.

    The oocytes will become highly susceptible to polyspermy because the premature calcium surge depletes the cortical granules.

  • C.

    The approaching sperm will undergo premature acrosome reactions in the culture medium, failing to penetrate the corona radiata.

  • D.

    The oocytes will permanently arrest in Metaphase II, preventing the extrusion of the second polar body even if a sperm enters.

Check Your Answer

Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Regulatory_Failure

Understand how NOT, EXCEPT, and logical constraints are used to manipulate exam results.

Concepts Behind This Question

Oocyte_Activation|Cortical_Granules|Zona_Pellucida_Hardening

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

Conceptual Pivot: Students often memorize that 'Ca2+Ca^{2+} is essential for fertilization' but fail to sequence its exact role.

The trap is assuming that artificial Ca2+Ca^{2+} will enhance fertilization or that depleting cortical granules leads to polyspermy.

The key is realizing that the cortical reaction's primary function is to destroy sperm receptors (ZP3); doing this prematurely creates an impenetrable 'zona block' against all sperm.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectBiology
ChapterHuman Reproduction - Class 12
ConceptPolyspermy Prevention Mechanisms
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load5
Target Solve Time120 sec
AccessFree