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Question #45436

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

The adrenal medulla is embryologically and functionally considered a modified sympathetic ganglion. If a specific pharmacological agent selectively blocks voltage-gated Ca2+Ca^{2+} channels on the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, what will be the most direct physiological consequence during an acute stress response?

Options

  • A.

    Preganglionic neurons will release acetylcholine, but chromaffin cells will fail to exocytose catecholamines into the bloodstream.

  • B.

    Acetylcholine will fail to bind to the nicotinic receptors on the chromaffin cells, preventing their depolarization.

  • C.

    The adrenal medulla will shift to producing glucocorticoids to compensate for the lack of adrenaline release.

  • D.

    The synthesis of adrenaline from noradrenaline will be completely inhibited, as the conversion enzyme is strictly Ca2+Ca^{2+}-dependent.

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Comparative_Analysis

Sharpen your ability to evaluate multiple scenarios and distinguish between competing potential answers.

Concepts Behind This Question

Adrenaline|Acetylcholine|Calcium_Homeostasis

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

Conceptual Pivot: Students often memorize that the adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline during 'fight or flight' but fail to connect it to the cellular mechanism of Neural Control (Synaptic Transmission).

By treating the adrenal medulla as a modified ganglion, the student must deduce that hormone release here is an exocytotic event strictly dependent on depolarization-secretion coupling via calcium influx.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectBiology
ChapterChemical Coordination and Integration - Class 11
ConceptAdrenal Cortex vs Medulla
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load5
Target Solve Time120 sec
AccessFree