Before You Begin
Question #45710
The Question
During the early pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy caused by chronic hyperglycemia (insulin-glucagon imbalance), the kidneys undergo a paradoxical 'hyperfiltration' phase before eventual failure. Which of the following accurately describes the primary hemodynamic alteration and its effect on the Glomerular Filtration Fraction (FF) during this early phase?
Options
- A.
FF decreases due to afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction triggered by high blood osmolarity.
- B.
FF increases due to afferent arteriolar vasodilation and elevated glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure.
- C.
FF decreases because advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) immediately obliterate the fenestrations of the endothelium.
- D.
FF remains constant as the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus proportionally decreases both GFR and Renal Plasma Flow.
Check Your Answer
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Regulatory_Failure
Understand how NOT, EXCEPT, and logical constraints are used to manipulate exam results.
Concepts Behind This Question
Glomerular Filtration Fraction|Insulin vs Glucagon Effects|Feedback Mechanism Loops
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
Conceptual Pivot: Students commonly assume that any renal 'disease' or 'damage' (like diabetic nephropathy) immediately decreases GFR and Filtration Fraction.
This question tests the advanced NCERT-Plus concept of tubuloglomerular feedback, requiring students to recognize the paradoxical early 'hyperfiltration' phase where the JGA is tricked into dilating the afferent arteriole due to excessive proximal Na+/Glucose reabsorption.
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Biology |
| Chapter | Excretory Products and Their Elimination - Class 11 |
| Concept | Glomerular Filtration Fraction |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 5 |
| Target Solve Time | 120 sec |
| Access | Free |