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Question #45733
The Question
An aquatic vertebrate inhabits a highly polluted water body with an exceptionally high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). The organism develops severe systemic hypoxia, increased peripheral resistance, and paradoxical fluid retention (volume overload) despite having elevated atrial blood pressure. Based on the principles of cardiovascular homeostasis and metabolic stress, why does the heart fail to act as a check on the Renin-Angiotensin mechanism in this state?
Options
- A.
Hypoxia-induced ATP depletion impairs the -ATPase pump in atrial myocytes, disrupting the mechanosensitive signaling required for Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) release.
- B.
High BOD leads to hypercapnia, which directly stimulates the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) to release renin, an enzyme that irreversibly degrades ANF in the systemic circulation.
- C.
Severe hypoxia triggers the release of Aldosterone from the adrenal medulla, which competitively inhibits ANF receptors in the distal convoluted tubule.
- D.
Anaerobic stress causes the ventricular myocardium to secrete ANF, but the concurrent release of ADH from the neurohypophysis completely masks its diuretic effect.
Check Your Answer
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Comparative_Analysis
Sharpen your ability to evaluate multiple scenarios and distinguish between competing potential answers.
Concepts Behind This Question
ANF|BOD_Biochemical_Oxygen_Demand|Cardiac_Output
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
Conceptual Pivot: Integrating ecological concepts (BOD) with cellular metabolism (ATP depletion) and systemic physiology (ANF/RAAS antagonism).
Students often memorize that 'high atrial pressure causes ANF release' but fail to recognize that this is an active, ATP-dependent cellular process.
The distractors utilize classic NEET Location Traps (Adrenal medulla vs cortex, Ventricles vs Atria) and Functional Overlap Traps (Renin degrading ANF instead of antagonizing its physiological effects).
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Biology |
| Chapter | Excretory Products and Their Elimination - Class 11 |
| Concept | ANF Antagonism |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 5 |
| Target Solve Time | 120 sec |
| Access | Free |