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Question #45788
The Question
Locomotion in vertebrates via skeletal muscle and motility in prokaryotes via flagella represent distinct evolutionary solutions to movement. Which of the following statements correctly contrasts these two mechanisms?
Options
- A.
Both mechanisms represent homologous traits, but skeletal muscles utilize ATP-driven sliding filaments whereas prokaryotic flagella utilize ATP-driven rotary motors.
- B.
Vertebrate muscle contraction is driven by the sliding of actin and myosin filaments using ATP, whereas prokaryotic flagellar rotation is driven by a proton motive force across the plasma membrane.
- C.
Both achieve movement through the rapid polymerization and depolymerization of structural proteins, but vertebrate muscles require calcium ions while prokaryotes do not.
- D.
Vertebrate sarcomeres and prokaryotic flagella are analogous structures that both rely on the ATPase activity of their respective motor proteins, myosin and flagellin.
Check Your Answer
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Evolutionary_Exception
Tackle problems where standard rules evolve or change based on specific environmental constraints.
Concepts Behind This Question
Analogous_Organ_Structure|Locomotion_Mechanics
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
Conceptual Pivot: Students frequently assume that all cellular motility (including bacterial flagella) is directly powered by ATP hydrolysis, conflating prokaryotic flagella with eukaryotic cilia/flagella or muscle fibers.
Furthermore, it tests the ability to correctly classify structures with similar functions but different origins as analogous (convergent evolution) rather than homologous.
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Biology |
| Chapter | Locomotion and Movement - Class 11 |
| Concept | Sliding Filament Theory Mechanics |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 5 |
| Target Solve Time | 120 sec |
| Access | Free |