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Question #46317
The Question
A patient suffering from severe autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex exhibits chronic electrolyte imbalances. Which of the following sequences best explains the indirect, cascading physiological consequences of this condition on respiratory gas transport and cardiac hemodynamics?
Options
- A.
It causes hypochloremia which impairs the chloride shift (Hamburger phenomenon) in systemic capillaries, leading to compensatory tachycardia that primarily shortens joint diastole.
- B.
It decreases obligatory water reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule, concentrating plasma proteins and enhancing the Bohr effect, leading to a prolonged cardiac cycle.
- C.
It leads to hypernatremia which accelerates the exchange of bicarbonate and chloride across the RBC membrane, causing bradycardia and increased stroke volume.
- D.
It inhibits the secretion of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus, directly reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin and prolonging atrial systole.
Check Your Answer
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Regulatory_Failure
Understand how NOT, EXCEPT, and logical constraints are used to manipulate exam results.
Concepts Behind This Question
Chloride_Shift|Adrenal_Cortex_vs_Medulla|Cardiac_Cycle_Temporal_Precision
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
Conceptual Pivot: This question requires the synthesis of three distinct NCERT chapters (Chemical Coordination, Breathing & Exchange, and Body Fluids & Circulation).
The primary trap is failing to recognize that Cl- follows Na+ reabsorption, and that plasma Cl- is the absolute prerequisite for the Hamburger phenomenon.
A secondary trap tests the nuanced understanding of the cardiac cycle: tachycardia primarily reduces the duration of diastole, not systole.
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Biology |
| Chapter | Breathing and Exchange of Gases - Class 11 |
| Concept | Chloride Shift (Hamburger Phenomenon) |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 5 |
| Target Solve Time | 120 sec |
| Access | Free |