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Question #46347
The Question
Vertebrate evolution from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems necessitated profound changes in circulatory hemodynamics and osmoregulation. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding these physiological adaptations?
Options
- A.
To combat gravity, terrestrial mammals require high blood pressure, which is balanced at the capillary level by the high colloid osmotic pressure generated primarily by plasma albumins.
- B.
Freshwater teleosts are hyperosmotic to their environment and maintain homeostasis by actively absorbing ions through their gills and excreting large volumes of dilute urine.
- C.
The evolutionary shift to a protein-based oncotic strategy in mammals allows them to tolerate wide fluctuations in external aquatic osmolarity by rapidly altering plasma albumin concentrations.
- D.
Stenohaline fishes lack the physiological plasticity to survive in varying salinities because their ionic-regulation strategies are strictly adapted to a narrow osmotic gradient.
Check Your Answer
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Comparative_Analysis
Sharpen your ability to evaluate multiple scenarios and distinguish between competing potential answers.
Concepts Behind This Question
Plasma_Proteins|Osmoregulation_in_Aquatic_Adaptations|Evolutionary_Ancestry
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
Conceptual Pivot: Students often confuse 'internal fluid compartmentalization' (oncotic pressure via proteins) with 'external osmoregulation' (ionic balance via kidneys/gills).
The trap assumes that because mammals have a sophisticated osmotic balance system (albumins), it grants them euryhaline-like adaptability.
It tests the understanding that the mammalian protein-based strategy evolved specifically to combat terrestrial gravity (Starling forces), not to navigate aquatic salinity fluctuations.
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Biology |
| Chapter | Body Fluids and Circulation - Class 11 |
| Concept | Plasma Proteins and Osmotic Pressure |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 5 |
| Target Solve Time | 120 sec |
| Access | Free |