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Question #46349
The Question
During pregnancy, elevated levels of estrogen stimulate the hepatic synthesis of specific binding globulins (e.g., TBG). Despite this absolute increase in certain plasma proteins, pregnant women frequently develop physiological edema in their lower extremities. Based on the principles of fluid dynamics and blood composition, which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
Options
- A.
The increased synthesis of globulins directly elevates capillary hydrostatic pressure, forcing fluid into the tissue spaces.
- B.
A disproportionate expansion of plasma volume causes a relative decrease in albumin concentration, lowering blood colloid osmotic pressure.
- C.
High estrogen levels directly increase the permeability of the renal tubules, causing an obligatory water shift into the interstitium.
- D.
The newly synthesized binding globulins have a higher molecular weight than albumin, reversing the osmotic gradient to favor absorption.
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Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Regulatory_Failure
Understand how NOT, EXCEPT, and logical constraints are used to manipulate exam results.
Concepts Behind This Question
Progesterone/Estrogen_Feedback|Hormonal_Feedback_Loops|Plasma_Proteins
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
Conceptual Pivot: Students often assume that an estrogen-induced increase in protein synthesis (globulins) would increase overall osmotic pressure.
The trap lies in failing to distinguish between the specific osmotic roles of different plasma proteins (albumin vs. globulin) and ignoring the overriding physiological effect of pregnancy-induced hemodilution, which lowers relative albumin concentration and thus decreases BCOP.
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Biology |
| Chapter | Body Fluids and Circulation - Class 11 |
| Concept | Plasma Proteins and Osmotic Pressure |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 5 |
| Target Solve Time | 120 sec |
| Access | Free |