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Question #46419

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

In the Species-Area Relationship (S = CA^z), the z-value for a large continental area is typically 0.6 to 1.2. Consider a highly degraded continental landscape that contains isolated 'Sacred Groves' acting as temporal refugia. Which of the following statements correctly explains how these groves disrupt standard SAR expectations?

Options

  • A.

    They exhibit a steeper slope (z > 1.2) because they represent the climax community of the entire continent compressed into a small region.

  • B.

    They artificially deflate the localized z-value by maintaining disproportionately high species richness (S) despite a drastically reduced area (A), delaying the expected extinction debt.

  • C.

    They conform strictly to a z-value of 1.15, identical to frugivorous birds in tropical forests, due to their undisturbed canopy architecture.

  • D.

    They decrease the y-intercept (C) of the SAR curve because their extreme isolation prevents the influx of new species over geological time.

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Comparative_Analysis

Sharpen your ability to evaluate multiple scenarios and distinguish between competing potential answers.

Concepts Behind This Question

Z-value in Large Areas|Stellar Distance vs. Geological Time|Sacred Groves as Refugia

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

The 'Conceptual Pivot' lies in understanding the mathematical reality of the z-value (slope).

Students often memorize that continents have high z-values (0.6-1.2) but fail to realize that a steeper slope means species richness is highly dependent on area.

By introducing 'Sacred Groves' (refugia), the question tests if the student understands that preserving high biodiversity in a small, fragmented area artificially flattens the expected slope, decoupling the standard area-species rule from geological time expectations.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectBiology
ChapterEvolution - Class 12
ConceptStellar Distance vs. Geological Time
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load5
Target Solve Time120 sec
AccessFree