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Question #80383

Difficulty: 5/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

A torsional pendulum consists of a disc of moment of inertia I (kg m2)I \text{ (kg m}^2\text{)} and a suspension wire of torsional constant C (N m rad−1)C \text{ (N m rad}^{-1}\text{)}. A closed-loop coil of NN turns and area A (m2)A \text{ (m}^2\text{)} is rigidly attached to the disc and placed in a uniform radial magnetic field B (T)B \text{ (T)}. The coil has an initial electrical resistance R0 (Ω)R_0 \text{ (}\Omega\text{)} at temperature T0 (K)T_0 \text{ (K)}, a temperature coefficient of resistance α (K−1)\alpha \text{ (K}^{-1}\text{)}, and a heat capacity H (J K−1)H \text{ (J K}^{-1}\text{)}. The pendulum is given an initial angular displacement θ0 (rad)\theta_0 \text{ (rad)} and released. The damping is purely electromagnetic. Assuming all dissipated mechanical energy is converted into heat within the coil with no heat loss to the surroundings, what is the final quality factor QfQ_f of the system after the oscillations have completely damped out? (Given the initial quality factor is Q0Q_0)

Options

  • A.

    Q0(1+αCθ022H)Q_0 \left( 1 + \frac{\alpha C \theta_0^2}{2 H} \right)

  • B.

    Q0(1−αCθ022H)Q_0 \left( 1 - \frac{\alpha C \theta_0^2}{2 H} \right)

  • C.

    Q0(1+αH2Cθ02)Q_0 \left( 1 + \frac{\alpha H}{2 C \theta_0^2} \right)

  • D.

    Q0(1+2Cθ02αH)−1Q_0 \left( 1 + \frac{2 C \theta_0^2}{\alpha H} \right)^{-1}

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Multi-Concept_Bridge

Master problems that require linking physics and math concepts to solve complex competitive questions.

Concepts Behind This Question

Torsional Oscillations|Quality Factor (Q-factor)|Internal Resistance Variation

Why This Question Is Tricky

Examiner Levers

Dimensional Analysis

Tests if the student verifies units/dimensions before selecting.

Difficulty Boost : +2

Common Mistakes

This question tests the dynamic nature of the Quality Factor in electromechanical systems and exploits two major traps.

First, students often memorize Q=mkbQ = \frac{\sqrt{mk}}{b} and treat the damping coefficient bb as a static constant, ignoring the non-linear feedback loop where Joule heating increases internal resistance, thereby decreasing the damping torque and increasing QQ.

Second, it tests dimensional analysis: the term αCθ02H\frac{\alpha C \theta_0^2}{H} is dimensionless, whereas the terms in options C and D yield dimensions of K−2K^{-2} and K2K^2 respectively, allowing astute students to immediately eliminate them.

Option B serves as a sign-error trap for students who incorrectly assume that heating 'worsens' the system by increasing damping, whereas higher resistance actually chokes the eddy currents, reducing damping and increasing the Q-factor.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectPhysics
ChapterOscillations - Class 11 Part 2
ConceptTorsional Oscillations
Difficulty5
Cognitive Load6
Target Solve Time140 sec
AccessFree